H-1B法规要求及更新

　　什么是H-1B：

　　H-1B是美国签证的一种，指：特殊专业人员/临时工作签证Specialty Occupations/ Temporary Worker Visas (H-1B)。H1B签证系美国最主要的工作签证类别，发放给美国公司雇佣的外国籍有专业技能的员工，属于非移民签证的一种。持有H1B签证者可以在美国工作三年，然后可以再延长三年，6年期满后如果签证持有者的身份还没有转化，就必须离开美国。

　　Many international students and scholars in the U.S. hope to find employment in the U.S. that will allow them to gain the skills needed to secure permanent work (in the U.S. or abroad). For most graduates, the H-1B nonimmigrant category is a natural progression because many will graduate with at least a bachelor’s degree or have already earned an equivalent degree from their native country.

　　许多美国的国际学生和学者希望能在美国找到工作，这将使他们学到很多技能，这些技能会帮助他们找到一个“铁饭碗”（在美国或国外）。 对于大多数毕业生来说，H-1B非移民签证类别是一个很自然的过程，因为许多人毕业至少已经获得学士学位或已经从他们的祖国获得同等学位。

　　2

　　What is a “Specialty Category?”

　　特殊专业人员指的是什么？

　　According to U.S regulations, a specialty occupation is one that requires the application of highly specialized knowledge. As a minimum for entry, such occupations require a bachelor’s degree or higher (or its equivalent) in a specific specialty. The words “in a specific specialty” have been added in recent years by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services’ (USCIS) interpretation of the H-1B classification.

　　根据美国的规定，特殊专业人员是指需要应用高度专业化知识的职业人群。 作为入门的最低要求，此类职业需要具有特定专业的学士学位或更高（或同等学历）。 近年来，美国公民和移民服务局（USCIS）对H-1B分类的解释增加了“特定专业”一词。

　　To be a specialty occupation, the job must meet one of the following requirements:

　　Bachelor’s or higher degree or its equivalent is normally the minimum entry requirement for the position;

　　The degree requirement for the job is common to the industry or the job is so complex or unique that it can be performed only by an individual with a degree;

　　The employer normally requires a degree or its equivalent for the position;

　　The nature of the specific duties is so specialized and complex that the knowledge required to perform the duties is usually associated with the attainment of a bachelor’s or higher degree.

　　要成为特殊专业人员，工作必须满足以下要求之一：

　　学士学位或更高学位或其同等学历，此为最低要求；

　　工作的学位要求对于行业来说是共同的，或者工作太复杂或独特，便只能由具有学位的一个人来完成；

　　雇主通常需要职位相关的学位或同等学历;工作专业度较高，所以获得学位所学习的知识必须与职位要求相匹配。

　　For many years, USCIS, the benefit division of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, had accepted that the specialty occupation requirement for an H-1B could be satisfied as long as the duties for the position require the knowledge of someone with a bachelor’s or higher degree, or its equivalent. Students with a degree that was not directly related or only slightly related to the job description used to be able to qualify for the H-1B.

　　多年来，美国国土安全部的福利部门USCIS已经指出，只要获得学士学位或更高学历的人员所学知识与职位的职责需要匹配，就可以满足H-1B的专业知识人员要求。学位与工作要求没有直接关系或仅与工作描述有轻微关系的学生曾经是有资格获得H-1B资格的。

　　In the past few years, USCIS has changed its interpretation of the H-1B regulations by adding the wording “in a specific specialty” to the requirement. Now, an employer not only needs to show that they need someone with at least a bachelor’s degree or higher, or its equivalent to do the job, it also needs to show that the degree requirement for the job is in a specific specialty related to the duties or position. For some H-1B cases, USCIS is looking for an industry or normal standard that a job requires a single degree.

　　在过去几年中，USCIS通过在要求中添加“特定专业”的措辞，改变了对H-1B法规的解释。现在，雇主不仅需要表明他们需要至少拥有学士学位或更高学历(同等学历)的人，还需要表明工作职责或职位要求只与特定专业下的学历相符合。对于一些H-1B案件，USCIS正在寻找只要求单中学位的行业或工作。

　　This new hurdle has created issues for employers looking to fill positions that need perspectives from many different specialty fields. Through this new interpretation, USCIS has narrowed each professional position to a single or limited number of educational fields. Even with employers who are willing to go through the challenging process of filing for the H-1B, it has become more difficult to get to the endpoint: an H-1B approval.

　　这个新的要求为需要雇佣来自许多不同专业领域人才的雇主带来了问题。通过这种新的解释，USCIS将每个专业职位范围缩小到单一或有限数量的教育领域。即使雇主愿意经历充满挑战的H-1B申请程序，H-1B申请也很难最终获批。

　　3

　　How to Make a Good Case for an H-1B Classification

　　如何为H-1B申请最好准备

　　With USCIS becoming more and more restrictive in its review of cases, it is a good idea to speak with a knowledgeable immigration attorney during your studies to familiarize yourself with the detailed requirements for the H-1B. If you have a willing employer who wants to work with you, you can ask your employer or the HR manager to contact or join you at the meeting with the attorney.

　　随着USCIS对案件审查的限制越来越严格，最好在学习期间与知识渊博的移民律师多交谈以熟悉H-1B的详细要求。如果有愿意与你合作的雇主，也可以要求你的雇主或人力资源经理与律师联系或加入你们的讨论。

　　Because your employer technically files the H-1B petition, you will need cooperation from your employer every step of the way.

　　严格意义上来说，你的雇主会帮你申请H-1B，所以每一步都需要与雇主的合作。

　　For existing jobs, try to find out if each employee who held the position before you has similar degrees, or if the employer has always required someone with a specific degree to fill the position. Every employer is different in terms of structure and familiarity with the immigration process. Check early to ensure you are prepared!

　　对于现有的工作，多去了解看雇主所提供的职位要求是否与你将获得的学位匹配，或者雇主是否总是要求具有特定学位的人。每个雇主对于申请程序结构和熟悉程度都不一样，所以提前做好准备！

　　4

　　Final Tips

　　最后的提示

　　Having a job that is a specialty occupation, as well as the qualifications to perform that job, are only some of the elements of an H-1B petition. You must also closely follow USCIS’ H-1B deadlines and ensure your employer files and receives a timely certified application from the Department of Labor with the correct information. Check with your employer and a knowledgeable immigration attorney early in the process so that you are prepared. Although the current immigration climate is challenging, one of the keys to a successful H-1B petition is proper planning and preparation.

　　拥有一份专业职业，以及获得该职位的资格，只是H-1B申请的一部分内容。 还必须严格遵守USCIS的H-1B截止日期，并确保你的雇主向劳工部及时提交的认证申请，并提供正确的信息。在申请的前期与雇主和知识渊博的移民律师核实，以便做好准备 虽然目前的移民气候具有挑战，但H-1B申请成功的关键之一是正确的规划和准备。

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